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The History of Wallpaper

The History of Wallpaper

May 30th, 2024
Little Greene

At Little Greene, every roll of wallpaper we make has been inspired by historic designs. Our collection includes wallpapers derived from rare, conserved tapestries from the 15th century, as well as classic Arts & Crafts patterns from the 20th century. The methods we use to recreate these wallpapers include traditional and modern printing techniques, each chosen to best serve the reproduction, scale and surface quality of the individual pattern.

Learn about the history of the manufacturing methods used to create these wallpapers, and the development of wallpaper styles over the centuries…

How was wallpaper originally made?

Living room with an off-white bird print mural wallpaper (Belton Scenic - Oyster) with a pink sofa and small table.
Wallpaper: Belton Scenic – Oyster (c.1785), Woodwork: Ambleside

Before the industrial revolution, most wallpapers would have been individually block printed and manufactured in panels. Some wallpapers – particularly the popular chinoiserie designs of the 18th century – may also have been painted by hand. This is the case for Little Greene wallpapers such as Aderyn and Belton Scenic, which demonstrate exquisite hand-painted detail.  

As both of these processes require careful handcrafting, it meant that wallpapers were originally the preserve of the elite. However, in 1830, the first surface printing wallpaper machines were invented, meaning wallpaper could now be produced in rolls on a mass-scale. When wallpapers are surface printed, inks are applied directly to the surface of the wallpaper to produce a beautiful, painterly texture. Many Little Greene wallpapers are still made using this traditional manufacturing method, giving them a real air of authenticity.  

The Evolution of Wallpaper

Bedroom featuring grey floral and bird wallpaper (Aderyn - French Grey) with a pink striped bed and sidetable.
Wallpaper: Aderyn – French Grey (c.1770), Woodwork including door: Slaked Lime, Picture rail: French Grey - Dark

18th century wallpaper


Our collection of 18th century wallpapers demonstrates the strong influence of East Asian art in Europe during that period. By the mid-1700s, many Chinese artists were producing export wallpapers specifically for the European market, to capitalise on the taste for the ‘exotic’ in British interior design.  

Designs like Belton Scenic, Aderyn and Bamboo Floral all feature typical chinoiserie imagery, such as birds and flowers. The artists were also able to incorporate Chinese symbols and motifs to lend an authentic quality. For example, Aderyn features magnolia and peony flowers to symbolise feminine beauty and eminence, respectively.  

Hallway with blue and pink floral wallpaper (Hencroft - Blue Primula) and matching door and woodwork painted in blue grey.
Wallpaper: Hencroft – Blue Primula (c.1890), Door and Baseboard: Grey Stone

19th century wallpaper

The invention of surface printing sparked a huge surge in the use of wallpaper. Not only were more people able to incorporate wallpapers in their homes, but designers also responded by creating a multitude of beautiful wallpaper patterns in different styles. 

Many 19th-century Little Greene wallpapers such as Briar Rose and Hencroft are typical of the Arts & Crafts style. Our collection includes quirky designs from William Burges – Burges Snail and Burges Butterfly – as well as designs from the late 19th-century Aesthetic Movement, for example Mosaic Trail. 

Bedroom with dark green French Toile wallpaper (Lovers' Toile - Puck), dark green (Puck) door and ceiling and white bedding.
Wallpaper: Lovers Toile – Puck (c.1950), Ceiling: Puck, Woodwork and Dado: Puck

20th century wallpaper

Our 20th century wallpapers comprise a wide and eclectic range of influences. The style of the British Arts & Crafts movement can be seen in designs like Spring Flowers and Ditsy Block, and there are also striking murals with global influences, such as Mandalay and Massingberd Blossom. 

Wallpapers from this period include contemporary interpretations of elegant period designs. Lovers’ Toile is inspired by an 18th-century French Toile de Jouy, while Volières reimagines an 18th-century design with charming 1950s style doves, ribbons and flowers. 

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